Brake.



G. W. AVBLNG.

BRAKE.' APPLICATION FILED MAY 23,1908. 955,263, Patented Apr. 26, 1910.

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G. W. AVELING.

BRAKE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 28, 1908.

` Patented Apr. 26, 1910. /7

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CHRISTIAAN W. AVELINGr, OF MORGAN PARK, ILLINOIS.

BRAKE.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTIAAN W. AVE- LING, formerly a subject of theQueen of the Netherlands, and who am about to become a citizen of theUnited States, residing at Morgan Park, in the county of Cook and Stateof Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Brakes, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description,reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of thisspecification.

My invention relates to improvements in clutching mechanism, andparticularly to imlin'ovements in that class of clutching mechanismsused in connection with hoisting machinery.

My invention is particularly adapted for use on electric travelingcranes, hoisting machinery, and the like, where it is desirable toautomatically throw into operation a braking clutch when the hoistingmovement is stopped, so that the load will be held in the posit-ion towhich it has been moved. IIei-etofore in such apparatus, and especiallyin electric traveling cranes, ithas been customary to use a pawl andratchet mechanism for holding the rotating load drum in its stationaryposition when the load has been hoisted to a predetermined point. Uien apawl and ratchet mechanism is used, one serious disadvantage is that asthe load settles back after havinO" been hoisted to a predeterminedpoint, uness the pawl properly engages the teeth of the ratchet, theweight of the load will tend to break the teeth of the ratchet.

One of the objects of my invention is to dispense entirely with suchforms of brakes as the pawl and ratchet structure, and also to dispenseentirely with such forms of brakes as the so-called band brake.

A further object of my invention is to provide a structure in which,when used as above indicated, all the clutching stress will be axialwith the shafts of the apparatus, so that the danger of the partsbecoming reduced to a minimum.

Other objects of my invention will appear in the specification andclaims.

I have illustrated in the accompanying drawings, 4for the purpose ofdisclosing my invention, one form which my invention may take.

In said drawings-Figure 1 is a semi-dia.- grammatic plan view of thehoisting mech- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 28, 1908.

Patented Apr. 26, 1910. Serial No. 435,475.

anism of a traveling crane; Fig. Q. is an elevation of my braking orclutching mechanism, a part of the casing being broken away te show theinterior thereof; Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 3 3of Fig. 4; Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken on the line 4 4 of Fig.3; and Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3.

The structure shown in Fig. 1 is more for the purpose of illustratingone application of my invention than for showing in detail any of theparts of the hoisting mechanism. I have therefore merely illustrated theparts in diagram rather than showing the mechanism in detail. For thepurpose of understanding the application of my invention, reference willbe had to this figure first. In said ligure I have shown the two sideframes 1 of a hoisting mechanism, between which is adapted to bejournaled a hoisting drum 2, provided with a driving gear 3. This gear 3meshes with a pinion 4 of a countershaft 5, also journaled in the sideframes 1. The countershaft 5 carries a gear 6, which meshes with apinion 7 carried on the driven shaft 8, which shaft in turn is connectedto the driving shaft 9 of the motor 10 by my improvedelutching'mechanism 11.

In the form of my invention which I have illustrated, I provide arelatively stationary inclosing frame which comprises a pair of heads 12and 18, and a cylindrical inclosing casing 15 having squared endportions. The casing is provided with Vlugs or feet 14 by which they maybe bolted to the hoisting frame. Mounted and adapted to rotate withinthis stationary casing is a drum 16, which comprises a pair of heads 17and 18 and a cylindrical casing 19. The edges of the casing are providedwith square recesses 19Ka and the heads are provided with squareprojections 17a, which fit in these recesses in much the same manner asa square-j awed clutch engages. By this arrangement I am able todispense with bolts or other securing means which, if loosened, woulddrop into i the clutch mechanism and cause damage'.

The drum is adapted to be connected to the relatively inclosing frame bymeans of a pair of holding clutches 2() and 2l, and is adapted to beconnected to the driving shaft 9 of the motor by means of a clutch 22and with the driven shaft 8 by means of a clutch 28.

The clutch 22 preferably takes the form of a friction disk clutch, oneof the outside disks 24 of which is provided with a quill 25, keyed tothe shaft 9. The head 1S rotates upon this quill 25. The other outsidedisk 26 of the clutch 22 is also provided with a quill 27, keyed to theshaft 9, and is provided with a helical surface 2S. The disks 29 0f theclutch are also keyed to the shaft 9. The other member of the clutch,formed by the disks 30, is connected to the heads 17 and 18, suitablerods 31 being adapted to pass through the rings 30 and ends fit insuitable sockets formed in the heads 17 and 1S. The clutch 23 islikewise a disk friction clutch. The outside disk 32 of this clutch ismounted loosely on the shaft 9 and provided at one end with a helicalsurface 33. rl`he opposite end of the disk 32 is adapted to be connectedwith the driven shaft S by a square-jawed clutch 35. The outside disk 36of the clutch 23 is mounted on a quill 38, loosely mounted upon theshaft S and bearing at its outer end against the side of the pinion 7.The disks 39 of the clutch 23 are connected to the disk 32 by beingkeyed to the quill 321 of said disk. rl`he disks 40 of the clutch 23,which form the second member of the clutch, are connected to the heads17 and 18 of the rotating drum by the same rods 31 which connect therings 30 of the clutch 22.

r:[he head 17 of the drum 16 is provided with a helical surface 41,which cooperates with a helical surface 42 formed on a quill 43, onwhich is mounted the outside disk 44 of the holding clutch 20. Thefriction disks 45 of this clutch are keyed upon the quill 43, while thefriction disks 46, forming the second member of the clutch, are securedto the head 13 by suitable bolts 47. T he clutch 21 comprises aplurality of disks 49, secured to the head 12 by bolts 50, a pluralityof disks 51 keyed to the quill 13a of the head 1S, and the two heads 12and 1S.

1 will now proceed to describe the operation of my invention. It will beassumed, for the purpose of description, that it is desired to raise theload. rlhe motor is started in a forward direction, to rotate the shaft3 from front to back, or in the direction of the arrow. The rotation ofthis shaft causes the helical surfaces 28 and 33 to move the two disks26 and 32 away from one another and toward the relatively stationarydisks 24 and 36 and throw the two clutches into operation. The raisingclutches 22 and 23 being in engagement, the drinn 16 is connected by theclutch 22 with the driving shaft and by the clutch 23 with the drivenshaft. The driven shaft S is thus connected with the driving shaft androtates therewith, operating the load drum 2, to raise the load. Thenthe load is not being raised, the clutches 2O and 21 are always locked.As soon, however, as the raising have their operation starts, thehelical surfaces 41 and 42 will permit the members 17 and 44 to drawtogether', releasing these clutches. It will be noted, however, that themembers 44 and 45 of the clutch 2O rotate with the drinn 16, due to theengagement of the helical surfaces 41 and 42. As soon as the motor isstopped, when the load has reached the predetermined point, the weightof thc load will tend to rotate the driven shaft in a reverse direction,but as soon as this occurs the helical surfaces 41 and 42 will move thehead 17 and disk 44 away from one another, throwing the holding clutches20 and 21 into operation to connect the drinn 16 with the stationaryheads 12 and 13. .fis the drum 16 is connected by the clutch with thedriven shaft S, this shaft will be held against rotation. Then it isdesired to lower the load the motor is reversed. The reversing of thedirection of operation of the shaft 9 will permit the helical surfaces2S and 33 to release the clutches 22 and 23, and as the driven shaft 3is disconnected from the drum 16 it is free to rotate under the weightof the load in an opposite direction and follow the direction ofrotation of the shaft, even though the drum 16 is still connected to thestationary frame. Due to the interposition of the members 49 and 51 ofthe clutch 21, and the members 44, 45 and 46 of the clutch 20, betweenthe stationary heads 12 and 13 and the heads 17 and 13, the heads 17 and1S will always be held close to the edges of the casing 19 and willthereby be prevented from being disconnected therefrom.

Vilhile l have shown and described one form of my invention, it will beunderstood that various modifications may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the appendedclaims. I

Having described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:

.1. The combination with a driving member, of a driven member, anautomatically operated friction clutch for connecting said members whenthe drivingl member is rotated in one direction, and a second alitomaticclutch operating through axial movement for connecting said drivenmember to a relatively stationary part when the load on said membertends to rotate the same in an opposite direction.

2. rl`he combination with a driving member, of a driven member, anautomatically operated friction clutch for connecting said members whenthe driving member is rotated in one direction, and a second automaticclutch operating through axial movement for connecting said drivenmember to a relatively stationary part when the load tends to rotate thesame in an opposite direction, said second clutch being inoperative f orholding the driven member when the driving shaft is rotated in anopposite direction.

3. The combination with a driving member, of a driven member, a frictionclutch for connecting said members, operated by the rotation of saiddriving member when the same is rotated yin one direction, and a secondautomatic clutch operating through axial movement for connecting saiddriven member to a relatively stationary part when the load tends torotate the same in an op` posite direction.

4. The combination with a rotating member, of a driven member, anautomatically operated friction clutch for connecting said members whenthe driving member is rotated in one direction and a second clutchoperating thro-ugh axial movement for connecting said member to arelatively stationary part, said second clutch being operated by thebackward rotation ofsaid driven member.

5. The combination with a driving mem-V ber, 0f a driven member, afriction clutch for connecting said driven member to said driving memberwhen the driving member is rotated in one direction and operated by therotation thereof, and a second clutch operating through axial movementfor connecting' said driven member to a relatively stationary part whenthe load tends to ro` tate the same in an opposite direction, saidsecond clutch being thrown into operative position by the backwardrotation of said driven member.

6. The combination with a driving member, of a driven member, anautomatically operated clutch for connecting said mem` bers when thedriving member is rotated in one direction, and a second clutch forconnecting said driven member to a relatively stationary part when theload tends to rotate the same in an opposite direction, the thrust ofall of said clutches being axial of the driving and driven members.

7. The combination with a driving member, of a driven member, a holdingclutch operating through axial movement for connecting said drivenmember with a relatively stationary part, an automatically operatedfriction clutch for connecting said driven member with the drivingmember, and means for automatically releasing said holding clutch andconnecting said driving clutch when the driving member is rotated in onedirection.

8. The combination with a rotating member, of a drum, a driven member, aclutch for connecting said drum to the rotating member, a second clutchconnecting said drum to the driven member, and a third clutch forconnecting said drum to a relatively stationary part, said two firstmentioned clutches being adapted to be thrown in operation by a forwardrotation of said driving member, said third clutch being adapted to bethrown out of operation when the driven member is rotated in a forwarddirection and into operation when the driven member is rotated in abackward direction.

9. The combination with a driving member, of a driven member, anintermediate member, means for connecting said driving' member to theintermediate member and for connecting the driven member to saidintermediate member when the driving member is rotated in one direction,and a clutch operating through axial movement for connecting saidintermediate member to a relatively stationary member when the loadtends to rotate the driven member in an opposite direction.

l0. The combination with a driving mem ber, of a driven member, anintermediate member, means for automatically connecting the drivingmember to the intermediate member, means for automatically connectingthe driven member to the intermediate member when the driving member isrotated in one direction, a clutch operating through axial movement forconnecting said intermediate member to a relatively stationary part whenthe load tends to rotate the driven member in an opposite direction, andmeans whereby said connecting means is rendered inoperative when thedriving` member is rotated 'in a reverse direction.

11. The combination with a driven member, of a driving member, anintermediate member, a clutch for connecting said drivingmember to theintermediate member, a second clutch for connecting the driven member tothe intermediate member, a third clutch operating through axial movementfor connecting the intermediate member to a relatively stationary partwhen the load tends to rotate the driven member, and means whereby saidconnecting clutches are rendered inoperative when the driving member isoperated in a reverse direction. i

l2. The combination with a driving member, of a driven member, anintermediate member, friction clutches operating` through axial movementfor connecting said driving member and driven member to the intermediatemember, a friction clutch operating through axial movement forconnecting said intermediate member to a relatively stationary memberwhen the load tends to operate the driven member, and means whereby saidconnecting clutches are rendered inoperative when the driving member isoperated in a reverse direction.

13. The combination with a rotating member, of a drum, a driven member,a clutch for connecting said drum to the rotating member, a secondclutch connecting said drum to the driven member, and a third clutch forconnecting said drum to a relatively stationary part, said twofirst-menl tioned clutches being adapted to be thrown in operation by aforward rotation of said driving member, said third clutch being adaptedto be thrown out of operation when the driven member is rotated in aforward direction and into operation when the driven member is rotatedin a backward direction, the thrust of all of said clutches being axialof the rotating members.

14. In a device of the character described, the combination with aninclosing casing having removable ends, of a driven and driving memberjournaled therein, a rotating casing mounted within said inclosingcasing, also having removable ends, clutching mechanism for connectingsaid inner casing to the inclosing casing, and a second clutchingmechanism arranged within the inner casing for connecting the same tothe driving and driven members.

15. ln a device of the character described, the combination with aninclosing casing having removable ends, of a driven and driving memberjournaled therein, a rotating casing mounted within said inclosingcasing, also having removable ends, and automatically operated clutchingmechanism arranged within the inner casing for connecting the same tothe driving and driven members.

16. 1n a device oi the character described, the combination with aninclosing casing` having removable ends, of a driven and driving memberjournaled therein, a rotating casing mounted within said inclosingcasing, also having removable ends, automatically operated clutchingmechanism for connecting said inner casing to the inclosing casing, aclutch arranged within said inner casing for connecting the same to thedriving member, and a second clutch arranged within said inclosingcasing for connecting' the same with the driven member.

17. The combination with a driving member, of a driven member, anautomatically operated clutch for connecting said members when thedriving member is rotated in one direction, the stress of said clutchbeing aXial and taken up by one of the members, and a secondautomatically operated clutch operating through axial movement forconnecting said driven member to a relatively stationary part when theload on said member tends to rotate the same in an opposite direction.

18. The combination with a rotating member, of a drum, a driven member,a clutch for connecting said drum to the rotating member, a secondclutch for connecting said drum to the driven member, the stress of saidclutches being taken up by one of said members, and a third clutch forconnecting said drum to a relatively stationary part, said twofirst-mentioned clutches being adapted to be thrown into operation byforward rotation of said driving member, said third clutch being adaptedto be thrown outv of operation when the driving member is rotated in aforward direction and into operation when the driven member is rotatedin a backward direction.

19. In a device of the character described, the combination with aninclosing casing having removable ends, of a driven and driving memberjournaled therein, a rotating casing mounted within said inclosingcasing, also having removable ends, boltless means for securing saidends in position, clutching mechanism for connecting said inner casingto the inclosing easing, said clutching mechanism being also adapted tomaintain the removable ends of the inner casing in position, and asecond clutching mechanism arranged within the inner casing forconnecting the same to the driving and driven member.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my naine in the presenceof two witnesses.

CHRISTIAAN XV. AVELING.

Witnesses W. PERRY HAI-1N, E. R. KING.

